Pituitary microadenoma with hyperprolactinemia in an adolescent female with type 1 diabetes mellitus and secondary amenorrhea: A rare case report

• Author Details:   
• Hardik Shah ^*
• Naiya Bhavsar
• Rajeshri Mehta
• Ashok Bhandari
• Akshat Desai

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Pituitary microadenomas are rare in adolescents and even more uncommon in those with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Hyperprolactinemia secondary to prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas) can disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to menstrual irregularities such as amenorrhea. The coexistence of T1DM and prolactinoma is exceptionally rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
We report the case of a 17-year-old female with a known history of T1DM who presentedwith secondary amenorrhea and intermittent episodes of hypoglycemia. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin: 945 ng/mL) with normal thyroid and gonadotropin levels. Brain MRI confirmed a pituitary microadenoma. The patient was initiated on cabergoline, resulting in clinical improvement. This case underscores the complex interplay between pituitary dysfunction and glycemic control in adolescents with T1DM.
 In adolescent females with T1DM presenting with menstrual disturbances or unexplained glycemic fluctuations, pituitary pathology—particularly prolactinoma—should be considered. Early identification and targeted treatment can improve both endocrine and metabolic outcomes.

Keywords: Pituitary microadenoma, Hyperprolactinemia, Amenorrhea, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Adolescents.